Commercial, residential, and industrial buildings are responsible for 47% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 49% of the world’s energy consumption. Much of this energy is consumed needlessly and can be reduced through cost-effective measures. Knowledge of the size and composition of the global building stock is essential for understanding the built environment and the potential market for new energy efficiency technologies, as well as the impact those technologies can have in helping achieve significant reductions in energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Over the next 10 years, the global building stock will continue to grow due to a number of factors. Perhaps most dramatic is the continuing trend of urbanization worldwide. In addition, construction markets, though weakened from pre-recession levels, continue to add new commercial and residential floor space to the global building stock. Further economic growth, particularly in developing countries, will also bolster demand for more building space to support a rising middle class with services. Although all regions will see considerable growth in the building stock during the next decade, Asia Pacific will account for the majority of new additions. Navigant Research forecasts that the global building stock will grow from 138.2 billion m2 in 2013 to 171.3 billion m2 in 2023.
This Navigant Research report provides data on the size and growth of the global building stock from 2013 to 2023. Included in the study is a qualitative description of the key drivers and trends related to the building stock and an explanation of the methodology used to build the data set. The building stock data covers eight commercial building types (office, retail, education, healthcare, hotels & restaurants, institutional/assembly, warehouse, and transport) and two residential building types (single-family detached and multi-unit residential) for seven regions worldwide. This report is intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the global commercial and residential building stock.
Key Questions Addressed:
- What is the total size of the building stock today and how will it grow between now and 2023?
- How much space is dedicated to commercial end uses such as office, retail, and education?
- What are the main indicators and trends that dictate the size and composition of the global building stock?
- Which commercial building types will see the strongest growth over time?
- Which regions will witness the most growth in the commercial building stock?
- How does the composition of residential buildings vary from country to country?
- How do living patterns vary from region to region and how do these differences influence the size of the residential building stock?
Who needs this report?
- Lighting equipment vendors
- HVAC equipment vendors
- Green building design and construction firms
- Energy service companies (ESCOs)
- International real estate companies
- Energy sector trade associations and advocacy groups
- Government agencies, regulators, and policymakers
- Investor community
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1.1 Overview
1.2 Scope of Coverage and Methodology
1.3 Changes from Previous Versions of This Report
1.4 Global Forecast
2. Market Issues
2.1 Methodology
2.1.1 Literature Review of Secondary Resources
2.1.2 Quantitative Model
2.1.2.1 Key Building Stock Growth Metrics
2.1.2.2 Other Building Stock Growth Metrics
2.1.2.3 Changes from Previous Versions of This Report
2.1.2.4 Commercial Building Types
2.1.2.4.1. Office
2.1.2.4.2. Retail
2.1.2.4.3. Education
2.1.2.4.4. Healthcare
2.1.2.4.5. Hotels & Restaurants
2.1.2.4.6. Institutional/Assembly
2.1.2.4.7. Warehouse
2.1.2.4.8. Transport
2.1.2.5 Residential Building Types
2.1.2.5.1. Single-Family Detached
2.1.2.5.2. Multi-Unit Residential
2.1.3 Building Stock Patterns
2.1.3.1 Geographic Segmentation
2.1.3.2 Definition of Gross Floor Area
2.1.3.3 Time Period
2.1.3.4 Units
2.1.3.5 Building Stock Growth
2.1.3.6 Vacancy
3. Forecasts
3.1 Overview
3.2 North America
3.2.1 United States
3.2.1.1 Commercial Buildings
3.2.1.2 Residential Buildings
3.2.2 Canada
3.2.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.2.2.2 Residential Buildings
3.2.3 North America Overview
3.2.3.1 Commercial Buildings
3.2.3.2 Residential Buildings
3.3 Western Europe
3.3.1 France
3.3.1.1 Commercial Buildings
3.3.1.2 Residential Buildings
3.3.2 Germany
3.3.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.3.2.2 Residential Buildings
3.3.3 United Kingdom
3.3.3.1 Commercial Buildings
3.3.3.2 Residential Buildings
3.3.4 Western Europe Overview
3.4 Eastern Europe
3.4.1 Russia
3.4.1.1 Commercial Buildings
3.4.1.2 Residential Buildings
3.4.2 Eastern Europe Overview
3.4.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.4.2.2 Residential Buildings
3.5 Asia Pacific
3.5.1 China
3.5.2 Japan
3.5.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.5.2.2 Residential Buildings
3.5.3 India
3.5.3.1 Commercial Buildings
3.5.3.2 Residential Buildings
3.5.4 South Korea
3.5.4.1 Commercial Buildings
3.5.4.2 Residential Buildings
3.5.5 Australia
3.5.5.1 Commercial Buildings
3.5.5.2 Residential Buildings
3.5.6 Asia Pacific Overview
3.5.6.1 Commercial Buildings
3.5.6.2 Residential Buildings
3.6 Latin America
3.6.1 Brazil
3.6.1.1 Commercial Buildings
3.6.1.2 Residential Buildings
3.6.2 Latin America Overview
3.6.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.6.2.2 Residential Buildings
3.6.3 Middle East Overview
3.6.3.1 Commercial Buildings
3.6.3.2 Residential Buildings
3.7 Africa
3.7.1 South Africa
3.7.1.1 Commercial Buildings
3.7.1.2 Residential Buildings
3.7.2 Africa Overview
3.7.2.1 Commercial Buildings
3.7.2.2 Residential Buildings
4. Appendix A: Countries and Other Political Entities by Region
4.1 North America
4.2 Western Europe
4.3 Eastern Europe
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.5 Latin America
4.6 Middle East
4.7 Africa
5. Acronym and Abbreviation List
6. Table of Contents
7. Table of Charts and Figures
8. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
- Total Building Stock by Region, World Markets: 2013-2023
- Share of Gross Domestic Product by Region, World Markets: 2013
- Total Building Space per Capita by Region, World Markets: 2013
- Population by Region, World Markets: 2013 and 2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, United States: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, United States: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Canada: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Canada: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type: North America 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, North America: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, France: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, France: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Germany: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Germany: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, United Kingdom: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, United Kingdom: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Western Europe: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Western Europe: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Russia: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Russia: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Eastern Europe: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Eastern Europe: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, China: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, China: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Japan: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Japan: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, India: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, India: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock, South Korea: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, South Korea: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Australia: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Australia: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Asia Pacific: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Asia Pacific: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Brazil: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Brazil: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Latin America Total: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Latin America: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, United Arab Emirates: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, United Arab Emirates: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Middle East: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Middle East: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, South Africa: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, South Africa: 2013-2023
- Commercial Building Stock by Building Type, Africa: 2013-2023
- Residential Building Stock by Building Type, Africa: 2013-2023
List of Tables
- Fastest-Growing Megacities by Annual Growth Rate, World Markets: 2010-2025
- Gross Domestic Product by Region, World Markets: 2013
- Total Building Space per Capita by Region, World Markets: 2013
- Population by Region, World Markets: 2013 and 2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, North America: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, United States: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Canada: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Greenland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Western Europe: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, France: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Germany: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, United Kingdom: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Italy: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Spain: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Rest of Western Europe (excl. France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain): 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Andorra: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Austria: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Belgium: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cyprus: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Denmark: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Faroe Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Finland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Gibraltar: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Greece: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Guernsey: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Iceland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Ireland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Isle of Man: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Jersey: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Liechtenstein: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Luxembourg: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Malta: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Monaco: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, The Netherlands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Norway: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Portugal: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, San Marino: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Sweden: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Switzerland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Eastern Europe: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Russia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Albania: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Belarus: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bulgaria: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Croatia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Czech Republic: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Estonia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Georgia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Hungary: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Latvia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Lithuania: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Macedonia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Moldova: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Montenegro: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Poland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Romania: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Serbia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Slovakia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Slovenia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Ukraine: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Asia Pacific: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, China: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Japan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, India: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, South Korea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Australia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Rest of Asia Pacific (excl. China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Australia): 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Afghanistan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, American Samoa: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Armenia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Azerbaijan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bangladesh: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bhutan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Brunei: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Burma: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cambodia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Hong Kong: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Macau: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Comoros: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cook Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Fiji: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, French Polynesia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Indonesia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Kazakhstan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Kiribati: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, North Korea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Kyrgyzstan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Laos: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Malaysia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Maldives: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Marshall Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mayotte: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Micronesia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mongolia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Nauru: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Nepal: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, New Caledonia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, New Zealand: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Norfolk Island: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Northern Mariana Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Pakistan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Palau: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Papua New Guinea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Philippines: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Samoa: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Singapore: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Solomon Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Sri Lanka: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Tajikistan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Thailand: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Timor-Leste: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Tonga: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Turkmenistan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Tuvalu: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Uzbekistan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Vanuatu: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Vietnam: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Wallis and Futuna: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Latin America: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Brazil: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mexico: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Argentina: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Rest of Latin America (excl. Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina): 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Anguilla: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Antigua and Barbuda: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Aruba: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, The Bahamas: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Barbados: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Belize: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bermuda: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bolivia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, British Virgin Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cayman Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Chile: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Colombia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Costa Rica: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cuba: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Dominica: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Dominican Republic: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Ecuador: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, El Salvador: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Falkland Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Grenada: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Guatemala: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Guyana: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Haiti: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Honduras: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Jamaica: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Montserrat: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Netherlands Antilles: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Nicaragua: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Panama: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Paraguay: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Peru: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Puerto Rico: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Saint Helena: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Saint Kitts and Nevis: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Saint Lucia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, St. Pierre & Miquelon: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Taiwan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Suriname: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Trinidad and Tobago: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Turks and Caicos Islands: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Uruguay: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Venezuela: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Virgin Islands of the United States: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Middle East: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, United Arab Emirates: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Turkey: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Saudi Arabia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Bahrain: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Iran: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Iraq: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Israel: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Jordan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Kuwait: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Lebanon: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Oman: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Palestine: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Qatar: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Syria: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Yemen: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Africa: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, South Africa: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Algeria: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Angola: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Benin: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Botswana: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Burkina Faso: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Burundi: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cameroon: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cape Verde: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Central African Republic: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Chad: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Democratic Republic of the Congo: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Congo (Brazzaville): 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Cote d’Ivoire: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Djibouti: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Egypt: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Equatorial Guinea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Eritrea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Ethiopia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Gabon: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, The Gambia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Ghana: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Guinea: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Guinea-Bissau: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Kenya: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Lesotho: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Liberia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Libya: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Madagascar: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Malawi: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mali: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mauritania: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mauritius: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Morocco: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Mozambique: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Namibia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Niger: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Nigeria: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Rwanda: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Sao Tome and Principe: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Senegal: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Seychelles: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Sierra Leone: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Somalia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Sudan and South Sudan: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Swaziland: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Tanzania: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Togo: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Tunisia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Uganda: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Western Sahara: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Zambia: 2013-2023
- Building Stock by Building Type, Zimbabwe: 2013-2023
- Total Building Stock by Building Type, World Markets: 2013-2023
- Total Building Stock by Region, World Markets: 2013-2023
- Countries of North America
- Countries of Western Europe
- Countries of Eastern Europe
- Countries of Asia Pacific
- Countries of Latin America
- Countries of the Middle East
- Countries of Africa